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HIF-3α  also known as HIF3A is the alpha-3 subunit of one of several alpha/beta-subunit heterodimeric transcription factors that regulate many adaptive responses to low oxygen tension (hypoxia). HIF-3α protein plays a crucial role in cellular responses to hypoxia, which is a condition characterized by low oxygen levels. HIF-3α is primarily located in the nucleus, where HIF-3α functions as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in the adaptive response to hypoxic stress. This nuclear localization allows HIF-3α to directly influence the transcription of target genes that promote processes such as angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and metabolic adaptation, thereby helping cells survive in low-oxygen environments. HIF-3α protein can form heterodimers with other hypoxia-inducible factors, such as HIF-1α and EPAS-1, enhancing regulatory capacity and ensuring a coordinated response to hypoxia.