RUNX1 also known as AML1, CBFA2 is a crucial member of the Runt-related transcription factor family. RUNX1 plays a critical role in hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation, and is essential for proper development of various blood cell lineages. RUNX1 regulates the expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation and cell cycle progression, making RUNX1 a key player in maintaining normal hematopoietic function. RUNX1 is frequently implicated in human leukemia due to chromosomal translocations that disrupt DNA-binding domain, leading to aberrant gene expression and oncogenesis. Beyond hematopoiesis, RUNX1 is crucial for sensory neuron diversification, promoting axonal growth and mediating TrkA transactivation in neural crest-derived sensory neurons. Alternative splicing of RUNX1 results in several isoforms, further diversifying functional roles in cellular processes.