ICAD also known as DFF45, DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when ICAD is cleaved by caspase-3. ICAD plays a crucial role in the apoptotic process by acting as an inhibitor of the DNA fragmentation factor, which is essential for the controlled dismantling of cellular components during apoptosis. When cleaved by caspases, particularly CPP32, ICAD releases its inhibitory effect, allowing the activation of the DNA fragmentation factor that leads to the fragmentation of nuclear DNA, a hallmark of apoptosis. This process is vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing the development of cancer, as ICAD ensures damaged or unnecessary cells are efficiently removed from the organism.