Alpha Lactalbumin also known as α-lactalbumin, LALBA is a crucial component of lactose synthetase, secreted by mammary epithelial cells. Alpha Lactalbumin plays a significant role in lactation and immune function. Alpha Lactalbumin not only elevates calcium levels and induces apoptosis in certain cell types but also exhibits selective cytotoxicity, effectively targeting transformed, embryonic, and lymphoid cells while sparing mature epithelial cells. This selective action suggests that Alpha Lactalbumin contributes to mucosal immunity by providing antimicrobial properties and regulating lymphocyte and epithelial cell functions. Furthermore, Alpha Lactalbumin′s structure, consisting of 123 amino acid residues, is essential for biological activity, as Alpha Lactalbumin allows for specific interactions with calcium ions and other proteins, which are vital for milk production and immune modulation.