Q16236

Nrf2 is a key regulator of the cellular response to oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by activating the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. Nrf2 protein is primarily located in the cytoplasm under normal conditions, where Keap1 maintains regulatory control. Upon exposure to oxidative stress or xenobiotics, Nrf2 is released from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus, where binding to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in the promoter regions of target genes leads to transcriptional activation. This translocation is vital for the cellular defense mechanism against oxidative damage, as Nrf2 enhances the expression of genes involved in detoxification and antioxidant responses, such as NQO1. The Nrf2 pathway is not only essential for protecting cells from oxidative stress but also plays a significant role in various physiological processes, including inflammation and metabolism, making Nrf2 a critical target for therapeutic interventions in diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.