HMGB1(High mobility group box 1) also known as HMG1 is a protein that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily. HMGB1 play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure. Specifically, HMGB1 interacts with various transcription factors, such as Oct-2 and members of the NFκB family, enhancing their ability to activate transcription. This interaction is vital for cellular responses to stress and inflammation, as HMGB1 can act as a signaling molecule that influences the immune response. HMGB1 is predominantly located in the nucleus, where binding to DNA induces structural changes that facilitate the accessibility of transcription machinery to specific genes.