PUMA also known as JFY1, BBC3 is a member of the BCL-2 family of proteins. PUMA plays a critical role in regulating apoptosis, particularly in response to cellular stressors such as γ-radiation and glucocorticoids. PUMA is a mitochondrial pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain (BH3)-only protein that initiates apoptosis through a Bax- and mitochondria-dependent pathway, making PUMA essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing tumorigenesis. PUMA gene encodes several splice variants, including PUMAα, β, γ, and δ, with PUMAα and PUMAβ containing the crucial BH3 domain that facilitates interaction with anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. This interaction is vital for the pro-apoptotic function of PUMA, as PUMA helps transmit death signals to the mitochondria, thereby promoting cell death in lymphoid cells.