P00338, P07195, P07864

Lactate Dehydrogenase/LDH plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of L-lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH, marking the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. This enzymatic activity is vital for energy production, especially in tissues that rely heavily on anaerobic metabolism, such as muscle during intense exercise. Each LDH isoform exhibits distinct tissue distribution, with LDH-A predominantly found in muscle, LDH-B in the heart, and LDH-C restricted to the testis and sperm, making these isoforms important markers for various physiological and pathological conditions, including germ cell tumors. The genes encoding human LDH-A and LDH-C are located on chromosome 11, while the LDH-B gene is found on chromosome 12, and deficiencies in the LDH-A gene have been associated with exertional myoglobinuria, highlighting the clinical significance of LDH in metabolic disorders.