S100β also known as S100, S100beta, S100B is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100β plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including the regulation of cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100β is particularly important in the central nervous system, where S100β is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei of astrocytes and Schwann cells, contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and signaling. S100β interacts with other proteins, such as receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which is involved in inflammatory responses and neurodegenerative diseases.