FMRP also known as FMR1 plays a crucial role in regulating synaptic plasticity and is essential for normal cognitive function. FMRP is primarily located in the cytoplasm, where FMRP associates with polyribosomes to facilitate the translation of specific mRNAs, thereby influencing protein synthesis in response to neuronal activity. This localization enables FMRP to modulate the translation of proteins involved in synaptic development and function, which is particularly important for learning and memory processes. In fragile X syndrome, FMRP gene undergoes transcriptional silencing due to the expansion of a CGG repeat in its 5′ untranslated region, leading to FMRP deficiency. FMRP absence disrupts normal synaptic function and contributes to cognitive impairments associated with the disorder.