GSS is a crucial enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione, a vital antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress and maintains cellular redox balance. GSS plays a significant role in detoxifying harmful compounds and regulating cellular metabolism. Proper functioning of GSS is essential for maintaining adequate levels of glutathione, and deficiencies in this enzyme can lead to serious health issues, including 5-oxoprolinuria, which is characterized by neurological damage and metabolic disorders. GSS occurs as a homodimer and is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 20q11.2, with its structure comprising three loops projecting from an antiparallel β-sheet, a parallel β-sheet, and a lid of anti-parallel sheets that facilitate access to the ATP-binding site.