Osteocalcin also known as OCN, BGP, BGLAP is a highly abundant bone protein secreted by osteoblasts that regulates bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Osteocalcin plays a crucial role in bone metabolism and is primarily produced by osteoblasts. Osteocalcin binds to hydroxyapatite in a calcium-dependent manner, facilitating mineral deposition in the bone matrix. Osteocalcin expression in bone is particularly important during embryonic stage mineral deposition and remains one of the most abundant non-collagenous proteins in adult mineralized bone. Genetic variations at the osteocalcin locus on chromosome 1q have been linked to variations in postmenopausal bone mineral density, highlighting osteocalcin′s significance in osteoporosis susceptibility.