DUOX1(Dual oxidase 1) is a glycoprotein and a member of the NADPH oxidase family. DUOX1 is primarily located in the airway epithelium and plays a critical role in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are essential for various physiological processes. DUOX1 is predominantly expressed in thyrocytes and tracheal surface epithelial cells, as well as in the thyroid, trachea, and bronchial tissues. The generation of hydrogen peroxide by DUOX1 is vital for the activity of thyroid peroxidase and lactoperoxidase, both of which are crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis and antimicrobial defense in mucosal tissues. Additionally, DUOX1 is involved in mucin expression, highlighting DUOX1′s importance in maintaining airway health and function.