HoxB4(Homeobox B4) also known as HOX2F is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. HoxB4 plays a crucial role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell dynamics, balancing self-renewal and differentiation. This regulation is vital for maintaining proper blood cell development and tissue homeostasis. HoxB4′s function is influenced by interactions with transcription factors such as USF-1 and USF-2, which are modulated by cytokines that promote stem cell self-renewal. Additionally, HoxB4 depends on AP-1 expression to drive changes in cellular proliferation and differentiation, which elevates cyclin D1 levels, linking HoxB4 to essential components of the cell cycle machinery.