TLR5 also known as TIL3, SLEB1 is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. TLR5 plays a crucial role in the innate immune system by recognizing bacterial flagellin, which is a key component of bacterial flagella. This recognition triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of immune responses, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TLR5′s ability to detect flagellated bacteria is vital for initiating an effective immune response, thereby helping to protect the host from infections. TLR5 is predominantly expressed in immune cells, particularly in monocytes, and is also found in tissues such as the ovary, prostate, and testis. Expression in these areas underscores TLR5′s importance in both local and systemic immune responses, making TLR5 a significant target for research in immunology and infectious diseases.