P14679

Tyrosinase (TYR) is a type I membrane protein and copper-containing enzyme that plays a crucial role in melanin production, the primary pigment in vertebrates. Melanin biogenesis protects skin and eyes from UV radiation, and Tyrosinase catalyzes the critical and rate-limiting step of tyrosine hydroxylation in melanin biosynthesis. Deficiencies in Tyrosinase activity can lead to various forms of albinism, highlighting its importance in pigmentation. Tyrosinase interacts with related proteins TRP1 and TRP2, which are also expressed in melanocytes and contribute to melanin synthesis within melanosomes. These proteins share a similar transmembrane structure, featuring two metal-binding regions and a cysteine-rich epidermal growth factor motif, and are localized in the melanosomal membrane.