P01111, P01112, P01116

Ras proteins are critical guanine nucleotide-binding proteins by the c-H-, c-K-, and N-Ras proto-oncogenes. Ras play a pivotal role in cell signaling pathways, influencing cell growth, differentiation, and survival. These proteins are predominantly located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, where they interact with various effectors to propagate signals from growth factor receptors. The membrane localization is essential for their function, as Ras proteins engage with downstream signaling pathways that regulate cellular responses to external stimuli. Dysregulation of Ras signaling, often due to mutations in the Ras genes, is implicated in numerous cancers, making the study of these proteins vital for understanding tumorigenesis and developing targeted therapies.