Caspase-12 also known as CASP12 is a member of the Ced-3/caspase-1 family of cysteine proteases. Caspase-12 plays a crucial role in apoptotic process by mediating the cleavage of specific target proteins essential for cellular survival and homeostasis. Caspase-12 is primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum, where caspase-12 is involved in initiating apoptosis in response to cellular stress and inflammation. This localization is significant because caspase-12 enables rapid activation of apoptotic pathways in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can lead to cell death if unresolved. Aberrations in caspase-12 function have been implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, highlighting caspase-12′s importance as a potential therapeutic target.